Microbiology Practice Exam

Which bacterium is responsible for causing Tetanus?

1. Escherichia coli

2. Clostridium tetani

3. Streptococcus pneumoniae

4. Staphylococcus aureus

The correct answer is: Clostridium tetani

The bacterium responsible for causing Tetanus is Clostridium tetani. This organism is an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium commonly found in soil and dust. When the spores enter the body through wounds, especially deep puncture wounds, they can germinate and produce a toxin called tetanospasmin. This potent neurotoxin interferes with normal nerve signaling and causes the characteristic muscle stiffness and spasms associated with Tetanus. Understanding the nature of Clostridium tetani is crucial, as it highlights not only its pathogenicity but also the importance of vaccination. The Tetanus vaccine, part of routine immunizations, protects against this potentially life-threatening disease. In contrast, other bacteria listed are associated with different diseases: Escherichia coli is primarily linked to gastrointestinal infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae is known for causing pneumonia and meningitis, and Staphylococcus aureus is often involved in skin infections and more severe conditions like sepsis. These distinctions further emphasize Clostridium tetani's unique role in the pathology of Tetanus.